Shall Wagnerism have no Dominion?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25071/1705-1436.11Abstract
The Wagner Act Model has formed the basis of Canada’s collectivebargaining regime since World War II but has come under intense scrutiny inrecent years because of legislative weakening of collective bargaining rights,constitutional litigation defending collective bargaining rights and decliningunion density. This article examines and assesses these developments, arguingthat legislatively we have not witnessed a wholesale attack on Wagnerism, butrather a selective weakening of some of its elements. In the courts, it brieflyappeared as if the judiciary might constitutionalize meaningful labour rights andimpede the erosion of Wagnerism, but recent judicial case law suggests theprospects for this outcome are fading. While the political defence of Wagnerismmay be necessary when the alternatives to it are likely worse, holding on to whatwe’ve got will not reverse the long-term decline inunion density. The articleconcludes that at present there are no legal solutions to the labour movement’sproblems and that innovative efforts to represent workers’ collective interestsoutside of formal collective bargaining provide a more promising alternative.References
Adams, R. 1995. “Pernicious Euphoria: 50 Years of Wagnerism in Canada.” Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal 3(3/4): 321-356.
Arthurs, H. 2006. “By What Immortal Hand or Eye? – “Who Will Redraw the Boundaries of Labour Law?” Pp. 373-390 in Boundaries and Frontiers of Labour Law: Goals and Means in the Regulation of Work, edited by G. Davidov and B. Langille. Portland, OR: Hart Publishing.
Banks, K. 2013. “Must Canada Change its Labour and Employment Laws to Compete with the United States?” Queen’s Law Journal 38(2): 419-460.
Bartkiw, T. 2009. “Proceed with Caution, or Stop Whenever Possible? Ongoing Paradoxes in Legalized Labour Politics.” Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal 15: 77-100.
Bartkiw, T. 2008. “Manufacturing Descent? Labour Law and Union Organizing in the Province of Ontario.” Canadian Public Policy 34(1): 111-131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.34.1.111
Benzie, R. 2012. “Tim Hudak Promises Sweeping Changes to Strip Unions of Power.” Toronto Star 27 June 2012.
Brennan, R.J. 2014. “Tim Hudak Renounces Anti-Union Right-to-Work Plan.” Toronto Star 21 February 2014.
Burkett, B. 2013. “The Future of the Wagner Act: A Canadian-American Comparison.” Queen’s Law Journal 38(2): 363-390.
Curry, B. 2013. “We don’t work for ‘union bosses’ Tories Say.” Globe and Mail 1 May 2013.
Doorey, D. “Are neutrality agreements” unlawful employer support to a union?” Law of Work Blog. Retrieved February 18, 2014 (http://lawofwork.ca/?p=668).
Employment and Social Development Canada. 2011. “Minister Raitt refers Air Canada concerns to the Canadian Industrial Relations Board.” Employment and Social Development Canada. Retrieved 18 February 2014 (http://news.gc.ca/web/article-en.do?nid=627689).
Employment and Social Development Canada. 2012. “Government of Canada introduces legislation to protect the Canadian economy.” Employment and Social Development Canada. Retrieved 18 February 2014 (http://news.gc.ca/web/article-en.do?nid=662219).
Early, S. 2013. Save Our Unions. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Estlund, C. 2010. Regoverning the Workplace: From Self-Regulation to Co-Regulation. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Estlund, C. 2002 “The Ossification of American Labor Law.” Columbia Law Review. 102(6): 1527. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1123792
Fisk, C. and Tashlitsky, X. 2011. “Imagine a World Where Employers Are Required to Bargain with Minority Unions.” Journal of Labor and Employment Law 27(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2002961
Fudge, J. 2008. “The Supreme Court of Canada and the Right to Bargain Collectively: The Implications of the Health Services and Support case in Canada and Beyond.” Industrial Law Journal 37(1): 25-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/indlaw/dwm038
Fudge, J. and Glasbeek, H. 1994-1995. “Legacy of PC 1003.” Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal. 3: 357-399.
Fudge, J., Glasbeek, H. and Tucker, E. 1991. “A Bang and a Whimper: Changing Labour Law in Ontario.” Our Times 22(7).
Goodard, J. 2013. “Labour Law and Union Recognition in Canada: A Historical-Institutionalist Perspective.” Queen’s Law Journal 38(2): 391-417
Hanley, W. 2012. “The Roots of Organizing Agricultural Workers in Canada.” Pp. 57-80 in Constitutional Labour Rights in Canada: Farm Workers and the Fraser Case, edited by F. Faraday, J. Fudge and E. Tucker. Toronto: Irwin.
Harvey, D. 2005. A Brief History of Neo-Liberalism. New York: Oxford University Press.
International Labour Association: Committee on Freedom of Association. 2013.367th Report of the Committee on Freedom of Association. Retrieved 18 February 2014 (http://www.ilo.org/gb/GBSessions/GB317/ins/WCMS_208542/lang--en/index.htm).
Johnson, S. 2004. “The Impact of Mandatory Votes on The Canada-US Union Density Gap: A Note.” Industrial Relations 43(2): 356-363. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0019-8676.2004.00333.x
Langille, B and Macklem, P. 1988. “Beyond Belief: Labour Law’s Duty to Bargain.” Queen’s Law Journal 13(1): 62-102.
Lewchuk, W and D. Wells. 2007 “Transforming Worker Representation: The Magna Model in Canada and Mexico.” Labour/Le Travail 60: 107-136.
Lynk, M. 2014 “Labour Law and Labour Rights: The Wagner Act in Canada.” in Unions Matter: Advancing Democracy, Economic Equality, and Social Justice, edited by M. Behrens. Toronto: Between the Lines.
Milkman, R. 2013. “Back to the Future? US Labour in the New Gilded Age.” British Journal of Industrial Relations 51(4): 645-665. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjir.12047
Morissette, R., Y. Lu, and T. Qiu. 2013. “Worker Reallocation in Canada.”(Statistics Canada, Analytic Studies Branch Paper Series, 11F0019M No. 348, March 2013). Retrieved 18 February 2014.(http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/11f0019m/11f0019m2013348-eng.pdf)
O’Grady, J. 1992. “Beyond the Wagner Act, What Then? Pp. 153-169 in Getting on Track: Democratic Strategies for Ontario, edited by D. Drache. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Ontario Labour Relations Board. 2011. Annual Report 2010-2011. Toronto: Ontario
Labour Relations Board. Retrieved 18 February 2014.(http://www.olrb.gov.on.ca/english/AnnualReports/OLRB-AnnualReport-2010-11.pdf).
Panitch, L. and D. Swartz. 2003. From Consent to Coercion: The Assault on Trade Union Freedoms. Aurora, ON: Garamond Press.
Riddell, C. 2004. “Union Certification Success Under Voting Versus Card-Check Procedures: Evidence from British Columbia, 1978-1998.” Industrial and Labour Relations Review 57(4): 493-517. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/001979390405700402
Rootham, C. et al. n.d. “Bill C-4: A Series of Retrograde Changes to Labour Relations in the Federal Public Service.” Nelligan, O’Brien, Payne. Retrieved 18 Februay 2014. (http://www.nelligan.ca/e/billc4seriesretrogradechangeslabourrelationsfederalpublicservice.cfm).
Saskatchewan Federation of Labour. 2013. “Labour Reps on Minister’s Advisory
Committee Urge Reconsideration of Bill 85 (Saskatchewan Employment Act).” Retrieved February 18 2014 (http://www.sfl.sk.ca/uploads/File/News percent20Release percent20-percent20Advisory percent20Committee percent20Calls percent20forpercent20Reconsideration percent20of percent20Bill percent2085.pdf).
Saskatchewan, Ministry of Labour Relations and Workplace Safety. 2012. “A Consultation Paper on the Renewal of Labour Relations in Saskatchewan.”Retrieved February 18 2014(http://www.lrws.gov.sk.ca/consultation-paper-renewal-labour-legislation).
Secunda, P. 2013. “The Wagner Model of Labour Law is Dead—Long Live Labour Law.” Queen’s Law Journal 38(2): 545-581.
Slinn, S. 2014. “Whither Wagner? Reconsidering Labor Law and Policy Reform.” Osgoode Hall Law School Legal Studies Research Paper Series 10(3). Retrieved 4 March 2014 (http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2398535).
Slinn, S. -2008. “No Right (to Organize) Without a Remedy: Evidence and Consequences of the Failure to Provide Compensatory Remedies for Unfair Labour Practices in British Columbia.” McGill Law Journal 53(4): 687-737.
Slinn, S. 2004. “An Empirical Analysis of the Effects of the Change from Card-Check to Mandatory Vote Certification.” Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal 11: 259-391.
Slinn, S. and R. Hurd. 2011. “First Contract Arbitration and the Employee Free Choice Act: Multi-Jurisdictional Evidence from Canada.” Advances in Industrial and Labor Relations 18: 41-86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0742-6186(2011)0000018005
Stevens, A. 2013. “Saskatchewan: A Beachhead of Labour Law Reform?” The Bullet: Socialist Project 812. Retrieved 18 February 2014 (http://www.socialistproject.ca/bullet/812.php)
Stephenson, A. 2013. “Flight Attendants push for union at WestJet: CUPE meeting with flight attendants.” Calgary Herald. 18 July 2013.
Tucker, E. (forthcoming). “Can Worker Voice Strike Back? Law and the Decline and Uncertain Future of Strikes.” In Voices at Work, edited by A. Bogg and T. Novitz. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Tucker, E. 2012. “Farm Worker Exceptionalism: Past, Present and the post-Fraser Future.” In Constitutional Labour Rights in Canada: Farm Workers and the Fraser Case, edited by F. Faraday, J. Fudge and E. Tucker. Toronto: Irwin.
Tucker, E. 2008. “The Constitutional Right to Bargain Collectively: The Ironies of Labour History in the Supreme Court of Canada.”Labour/Le Travail 61: 151-180
Van Alphen, T. 2011. “Magna’s No-Strike Initiative Fizzles.” Toronto Star. 30 June 2011.
Warner, K. 2012. Protecting Fundamental Labor Rights. Washington, D.C.: Center for Economic and Policy Research.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
All reproduction, electronic or otherwise, of the material from Just Labour: A Canadian Journal of Work and Society, is allowable free of charge for education purposes.
The content of the reproduced material must not be altered in any way. Institutions and organizations must notify the Centre for Research on Work and Society (CRWS) of their intention to reproduce, distribute and/or require monetary compensation for Just Labour material.
Any monetary compensation derived from the sale of Just Labour material must not exceed the minimum recovery cost of reproduction.
The Centre for Research on Work and Society reserves the right to review this policy at any time with no retroactive consequences for institutions and individuals who have received permission to reproduce material.